Apa Itu Tenses? Panduan Lengkap 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Di dalam bahasa Inggris selain grammar, materi yang tidak kalah penting untuk dikuasai adalah tenses.

Tenses dalam bahasa Inggris merupakan aturan tata bahasa yang menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa, di masa lalu, sekarang, atau masa depan.

Dengan menguasai tenses kita bisa menyusun kalimat dengan tepat sehingga pesan yang disampaikan mudah dipahami oleh lawan bicara.

Mari simak artikel di bawah ini untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut!

 

 

Apa Itu Tenses?

Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan keterangan waktu suatu peristiwa, apakah di masa lalu, masa sekarang, atau masa depan.

Dengan menggunakan tenses, kita dapat mengungkapkan kapan suatu peristiwa berlangsung, apakah di masa kini, masa lalu, atau masa depan sesuai dengan waktu kejadiannya.

 

Pentingnya Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris

Menguasai tenses penting karena beberapa alasan berikut ini:

• Menunjukkan waktu kejadian: Kita dapat menyampaikan kapan suatu aksi terjadi, apakah sekarang, sudah terjadi di masa lalu, atau akan terjadi di masa depan.
• Meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi: Percakapan menjadi lebih natural dan tepat.
• Mencegah salah pengertian: Penggunaan tenses yang benar membuat pesan tersampaikan dengan jelas.

Baca Juga: 8 Jenis Part of Speech dan Contoh Lengkapnya

 

Jenis-jenis Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris

Tenses dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok utama berdasarkan waktu kejadian, yaitu Present Tenses, Past Tenses, Future Tenses, dan Future in the Past Tenses. Berikut penjelasan lengkapnya:

 

Present Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta umum, dan kejadian yang berulang.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + Verb 1 (s/es)	She reads books every day.
–	Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1	She does not read books every day.
?	Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1?	Does she read books every day?

 

2. Present Continuous Tense

Untuk aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing	They are watching TV now.
–	Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1	She is not sleeping at the moment.
?	Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?	Are you studying English?

 

3. Present Perfect Tense

Menunjukkan aksi yang telah selesai pada waktu yang tidak spesifik sebelum sekarang.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + have/has + V3	I have finished my homework.
–	Subject + have/has + not + V3	She has not seen that movie..
?	Have/Has + Subject + V3	Have you eaten dinner?

 

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Menggambarkan aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing	She has been studying for three hours.
–	Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1	They have not been working here long.
?	Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?	Have you been waiting long?

 

Past Tenses

5. Simple Past Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + V2	We visited Bali last year.
–	Subject + did not + V1	He did not go to school yesterday.
?	Did + Subject + V1	Did you watch the movie last night?

 

6. Past Continuous Tense

Menggambarkan aksi yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + was/were + V-ing	I was reading when she came.
–	Subject + was/were + not + V-ing	They were not playing football.
?	Was/Were + Subject + V-ing	Were you sleeping at 10 p.m.?

 

7. Past Perfect Tense

Menunjukkan aksi yang sudah selesai sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + had + V3	She had left before I arrived.
–	Subject + had not + V3	He had not finished his work.
?	Had + Subject + V3	Had they eaten before the meeting?

 

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Menggambarkan aksi yang sudah berlangsung cukup lama sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + had + been + V-ing	He had been working for five years before he moved.
–	Subject + had not + been + V-ing	She had not been studying enough.
?	Had + Subject + been + V-ing	Had you been waiting long before the bus arrived?

 

Future Tenses

9. Simple Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana, niat, atau prediksi.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + will + V1	I will call you tomorrow.
–	Subject + will not + V1	He will not join the party.
?	Will + Subject + V1	Will you visit her next week?

 

10. Future Continuous Tense

Menggambarkan aksi yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + will + be + V-ing	This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Japan.
–	Subject + will not + be + V-ing	They will not be working at night.
?	Will + Subject + be + V-ing	Will she be studying at 9 p.m.?

 

11. Future Perfect Tense

Menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + will + have + V3	By 2026, I will have graduated.
–	Subject + will not + have + V3	He will not have finished by then.
?	Will + Subject + have + V3	Will you have completed the project by Friday?

 

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Menggambarkan aksi yang akan sudah berlangsung selama periode waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Tipe kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + will + have + been + V-ing	By next month, she will have been working here for two years.
–	Subject + will not + have + been + V-ing	He will not have been living there long.
?	Will + Subject + have + been + V-ing	Will they have been studying for five hours by noon?

 

Future In The Past (Past Future Tenses)

13. Past Future Tense (Simple)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi, dilihat dari sudut pandang masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + would + V1	He said he would help me.
–	Subject + would not + V1	She said she would not join us.
?	Would + Subject + V1	Would you go if she invited you?

 

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Menunjukkan aksi yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + would + be + V-ing	They said they would be staying at the hotel.
–	Subject + would not + be + V-ing	He said he would not be working late.
?	Would + Subject + be + V-ing	Would she be waiting for us?

 

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Menggambarkan aksi yang akan sudah selesai di masa depan, dilihat dari masa lalu.

Tipe Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + would + have + V3	She thought she would have finished by now.
–	Subject + would not + have + V3	He said he would not have completed the task.
?	Would + Subject + have + V3	Would they have arrived by 8 o’clock?

 

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah berlangsung untuk periode tertentu, dari sudut pandang masa lalu.

Tipe kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
+	Subject + would + have + been + V-ing	He said he would have been working here for five years by 2020.
–	Subject + would not + have + been + V-ing	She said she would not have been living there long.
?	Would + Subject + have + been + V-ing	Would you have been waiting for two hours if the train had not arrived?

 

Memahami tenses dalam bahasa Inggris sangat penting untuk menyampaikan informasi secara akurat dan efektif sesuai dengan waktu kejadian.

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Menggunakan pendekatan menyesuaikan usia anak dan dibimbing langsung oleh guru profesional sampai native speaker, menguasai bahasa Inggris sejak dini bukan lagi mimpi.

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